ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the effects of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) vaccines on the expression and release of antibodies, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 by serum. Methods: Balb/c mice were immunized with two formalin and iron inactivated vaccine doses within 2 weeks. The vaccines were adjuvant with P. multocida A strain, P. multocida B strain and Salmonella typhimurium bacterial DNA (AbDNA, BbDNA and SbDNA for short, respectively). The animals were challenged 4 weeks after immunization. Blood of mice was collected to detect the change of specific antibody, IL-6, and IL-12 using ELISA. Results: The specific antibody and interleukins in the immunized group increased significantly compared to the control mice after vaccination and challenge (P<0.05). The highest release of these cytokines was obtained by P. multocida inactivated with iron and adjuvant with AbDNA at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. The antibody titer peak was 0.447 in mice vaccinated with iron-killed whole-cell antigen adjunct with AbDNA. The time-courses of release showed that bacterial DNA was able to stimulate IL-6 and IL-12 production more than alum (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings introduce that bacterial DNA is capable of releasing an immunological response with several cytokines. These indicate that bacterial DNA entrapped with killed P. multocida antigen is a new and effective adjuvant to enhance specific immunity and resistance of animal against the infectious pathogen, which could simplify the development of highly promising strong adjuvant.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis. Brucellosis is principally caused by Brucella abortus which leads to female reproductive failure and potential infertility in males. This study was done to investigate brucellosis epidemiology during 2011-2013 in Amol city
Materials and Methods: in this epidemiological study, data achieved from medical records of brucellosis patients in Amol Health Center during 2011-2013. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Chi-square was used for data analysis while statistical significance was defined as p<0.05
Results: during 2011-2013, 173 patients were reported. The highest number of brucellosis outbreaks observed in 2013. In this study 60.12% of samples were males and 39.88% were females; 68.21% were rural people and 31.79% were urban residents. The lowest disease occurrence observed in winter [15.59%] and the highest frequency observed in summer [30.62%]. In terms of occupationally exposure highest morbidity frequency [32.94%] observed in housewives. A significant and meaningful relationships between gender and the job was found [P<0.05]
Conclusion: disease incidence increased in the first 6 months of the year. Furthermore, the patients were mostly rural and men. This study revealed that brucellosis is prevalent in Amol city. Controlling and vaccination of sick animals would reduce the human cases
ABSTRACT
Potential association of leptin [LEP] gene polymorphisms has been suggested in the processes leading to breast cancer initiation and progression. We investigated whether genetic variations in the LEP -2548G/A gene are associated with risk of breast cancer. This case-control study consisted of 100 breast cancer cases and 100 control subjects without breast cancer that matched for age and body mass index [BMI]. Genotyping of LEP -2548G/A polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP] assay. Serum leptin level was determined by ELISA in all study subjects. The genotype distributions [AA, AG, and GG] were 36, 55, and 9% in breast cancer cases and 52, 45, and 3% in control group, respectively. The frequency of LEP -2548 GG genotype was significantly elevated in breast cancer cases as compared to controls [chi2=6.90, p=0.032]. Similar difference was also found in allele frequencies between two groups [chi2=5.65, p=0.017]. A markedly increase risk of breast cancer was associated with the LEP -2548GG genotype when compared to the LEP -2548 AA genotype [OR=4.33, 95% CI=1.09-17.22]. In addition, postmenopausal women who bear at least one LEP -2548 G allele were at a markedly increased risk of breast cancer after adjusting for age and BMI confounders [OR=12.24, 95% CI=1.13-131.73]. The LEP -2548 G/A polymorphism is associated with markedly increased risk of breast cancer especially in postmenopausal Ahvazian women and supported the hypothesis that leptin is involved in breast cancer
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Leptin/blood , Polymorphism, Genetic , Case-Control Studies , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease [AD] is characterized by progressive neuronal loss in hippocamp. Epidermal neural crest stem cells [EPI-NCSC] can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of transplanting EPI-NCSC into AD rat model. Two weeks after induction of AD by injection of Amyloid-beta 1-40 into CA1 area of rat hippocamp, Y-maze and single-trial passive avoidance tests were used to show deficit of learning and memory abilities. EPI-NCSC were obtained from the vibrissa hair follicle of rat, cultured and labeled with bromodeoxyuridine. When Alzheimer was proved by behavioral tests, EPI-NCSC was transplanted into CA3 area of hippocamp in AD rat model. The staining of EPI-NCSC markers [nestin and SOX10] was done in vitro. Double-labeling immunofluorescence was performed to study survival and differentiation of the grafted cells. We showed that transplanted EPI-NCSC survive and produce many neurons and a few glial cells, presenting glial fibrillary acidic protein. Total number of granule cells in hippocamp was estimated to be more in the AD rat model with transplanted cells as compared to AD control group. We observed that rats with hippocampal damage made more errors than control rats on the Y-maze, when reward locations were reversed. Transplanted cells were migrated to all areas of hippocamp and the total number of granule cell in treatment group was equal compared to control group. Transplantation of EPI-NCSC into hippocamp might differentiate into cholinergic neurons and could cure impairment of memory in AD rat model